This Election Day, voters will be monitoring their TVs, laptops and phones as results of this year’s presidential and congressional elections pour in.
With just days left until November 5, the latest polls show Kamala Harris and Donald Trump neck-and-neck in their race for the White House. Meanwhile, Democrats are working to gain control of the House of Representatives as Republicans vie for a majority in the Senate.
Exit polls are a key indication of the potential results, as pollsters survey voters after they cast their ballots to determine who they backed and how they feel about certain issues.
Here’s everything you need to know about who conducts them and how to understand them.
Traditionally, exit polls are conducted via in-person interviews with voters outside of polling centers after they’ve cast their ballot. Pollsters are posted outside of voting centers ahead of and on Election Day.
Pollsters also conduct phone and text surveys to reach voters who mailed in their ballots.
These polls are anonymous. When surveyed outside of polling centers, voters write their answers on a piece of paper. When pollsters reach out to mail-in voters by phone or text, personal information isn’t retained.
These surveys typically take about five minutes to complete.
News organizations use exit polls to give their audiences insight into how people may have voted and how a state’s electoral votes might lean.
Media outlets also use them to project winners in states where the margin is large and a candidate is expected to win in a landslide.
However, as ABC News puts it, “most election projections are made after the polls closed based on actual vote data.”
Four major national news organizations — NBC News, ABC News, CBS News and CNN — participate in the National Election Pool. This means they communally rely on exit polls conducted by Edison Research.
They also abide by a 5pm ET embargo, meaning the results won’t start to be released until then. Members of the National Election pool don’t report exit poll results that are indicative of a state’s winner until all polling centers have closed in that state.
Fox News and the Associated Press were a part of the National Election Pool until 2017. They have since joined the Associated Press’s VoteCast, which the outlet describes as an “extensive survey of both voters and nonvoters that aims to tell the story behind election results.”
